/* Explicit heading-to-content spacing, independent of paragraph margin collapse. */
body.portfolio-case:is(.portfolio-case--bangyang,.portfolio-case--ioc,.portfolio-case--image,.portfolio-case--grc) { --reading-block-gap:48px; --reading-media-gap:32px; }
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--bangyang .chapter-head + :is(.service-blueprint,.case-framing,.design-focus-rail,.compact-shift,.delivery-process),
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--ioc .chapter__head + :is(.context__body,.method-stage,.path-model,.film-outline,.closing__body),
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--grc .chapter-head + :is(.context-intro,.navigation-flow,.visual-notes,.evidence-summary),
body.v8.portfolio-case--image .section-intro + :is(.template-gap,.role-route,.structure-map,.feature--resource) { margin-top:var(--reading-block-gap); }
body.v8.portfolio-case--image .section-intro + .feature--resource { padding-top:0; }
body.v8.portfolio-case--image .section-intro + .template-gap { padding-top:0; border-top:0; }
/* Only one element owns the gap between adjacent reading groups. */
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--bangyang :is(.design-focus-rail,.case-framing,.compact-shift) { margin-bottom:0; }
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--bangyang .design-focus-rail + .single-showcase,
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--bangyang .case-framing + .backend-phase,
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--bangyang .compact-shift + .mini-experience-map { margin-top:var(--reading-block-gap); }
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--bangyang .family-gallery-head { margin-bottom:var(--reading-media-gap); }
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--bangyang .outcome-head + .result-strip { margin-top:var(--reading-media-gap); }
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--grc .context-intro { margin-bottom:0; }
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--grc .context-intro + * { margin-top:var(--reading-block-gap); }
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--grc .visual-notes { padding-bottom:24px; margin-bottom:0; }
body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--grc .visual-notes + .theme-gallery { margin-top:var(--reading-block-gap); }
@media(max-width:760px) {
 body.portfolio-case:is(.portfolio-case--bangyang,.portfolio-case--ioc,.portfolio-case--image,.portfolio-case--grc) { --reading-block-gap:32px; --reading-media-gap:24px; }
}

body.portfolio-case.portfolio-case--bangyang :is(.case-framing,.compact-shift) + * { margin-top:var(--reading-block-gap); }